Power-hammer



C. M. BROWN, heats-sgael.

' Power Hammer. l

Patented Aug. 3,1880.

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1711/' eJz 'or adrzmyurown' di? orueya' NJERS, PHOfO-LIYHOGRAFHER, WASHINGTON. 0.64

UNITED STATES PATENT i OEETCE.

CHARLES M. BROWN, OF CHICAGO', ILLINOIS.

' POWER-HAMMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 230,612, dated August 3, 1880.

Application filed July 24, 1879.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES M. BROWN, of Ohicago,'in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Power-Hammers, which is fully described in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l represents a side elevation of my machine; Fig. 2, a rear elevation; Fig. 3, a longitudinal vertical section ofthe same, taken at the line ao w, Fig. 2; Fig. 4,. a vertical section taken at the line y y, Fig. l; Fig. 5, a section taken at the line z z, 4c; Fig. 6, a section taken at the line c n, Fig. 1, showing a detached section of a piece of the fra-me of the machine; and Fig. 7 a detached View of the end of the jointed valve-rod.

/ The object of my invention is to make` a 2o power-ha1nmer in such a manner that the machine is greatly relieved from the ordinary wear and tear of such machine by relieving .its several parts of their rigiditym.

My invention consists in the jointed walk* in g-beam having truss-rods which are sustained by springs in such a manner as to make the beam llexible and elastic; and also in the jointed boxes connecting the hammer with the walking-beam, provided with springs or elastic material which relieves the machine ofthe jar ordinarily occasioned by the blows; also, the jointed valve-rod, which may be automatically lengthened or shortened while the machine is in motion, enabling the operator to instantly adapt the stroke of the hammer to the dimensions of the article which is being forged 5 also, the construct-ion of the driving-crank and its attachments, by which the hammer is more easily raised, and by which it is driven down with increased velocity, and concentrating the force just as the blow is given; and alsoin the construction and combination of the' various parts which constitute the brake-pulley, by which the operator is enabled to stop the machine with the hammer raised, so as to readily remove and replace the material that is being worked.

/` In the accompanyingdrawings, A represents the main frame of the machine. B is the anvil-block, made in the ordinary manner. O is the hannnenhead, and c c the dies, such as are ordinarily attached to the hammer and anvil.

E E constitute the two parts of the walkingbeam, each of which is jointed to the shaft E2, having bearing-boxes supported by the frame A of the machine.

F F are the adjustable truss-rods, which are jointed to the front end .of the walking-beam E, as shown at a, and pass through an annular box, b, that is pivoted to projecting arms oZ on the end of the walking-beam E.

d is a rubber spring which'is held in the box b, through which the adjustable truss-rods pass, and receive on their ends washers e. The tension of the spring d is regulated by adjusting the washers c by means of the screw- Y nuts f, that screw upon the ends of the rods F F. These truss-rods, provided with springs attached to the jointed walking-beam, make it elastic and admit of the rapid motion, and overcome the great annoyance of the jar and the wear and tear of sudden and rapid blows.

It will be observed that the lower truss-rod has its spring cap orreceptacle connected to a loose bolt which passes through the rigid arm c2 by means of two rods, g g, and instead of having a rigid truss-rod passing through the spring I use a wire rope which is hinged and made adjustable in such a manner that any tension may be given the springf j The flexibility of the beam is governed by the relative length of the truss-rods as compared with the arms of the walking-beam.

It will be observed that the force of the blow of the hammer is removed from the arm Vof the walking-beam and is sustained by the tensile strength of the truss-rods, and they, being held by springs,'are largely relieved from theordinary sudden force or shock of the blow.

The walking-beam is attached to the hammer by means ofthe pitman D, which is constructedthe same as an ordinary pitman used in atrip-hammer to connect the hammer to the walking-beam, with thel exception of the elastic slightly-yielding material, such as paper-board or rawhide, which I place above and below each box h, which carries the pin fi, that connects the walkingbeam and the hammer to the pitman. This elastic material j is shown at Fig. 3 of the drawings. The object of plac- IOO ing these boxes in this elastic or slightly-yielding material is to lessen as much as possible the concussion ordinarily caused by the stroke of the hammer on the connecting wrist-pins i'.

H is a` cylinder, the lower end of which is connected to the oscillating lever R by means ofthe rod J, as clearly shownin Fig. 3 of the drawings. The cylinder H also carries a piston-rod, K, one end of which is attached to the walking-beam, as clearly shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

L is the piston-head, securely attached to the piston-rod, and fits closely in the cylinder H. The piston-rod passes through the piston-head and extends into the lower part ot' the cylinder when the piston-head is at the upper end of the cylinder. lt may be packed by means otstuflng-boxes in each end of the cylinder. The object of this cylinder and piston-connection is to raise the piston-rod in the cylinder or lower it, so as to have the hammer strike its blow high or low, according to the size ot' the article being hammered. This is accomplished by filling the cylinder both sides ot the piston-head with any suitable tluid.

There are ports p p', which lead from the ends ofthe cylinder to the circular valve V, and through it communicate to the chamber n. These ports also communicate with the chamber a by means of spring-valves 0 o.

When it is desired to raise the piston-head in `the cylinder7 thereby causing the hammer to strike a low blow, the operator turns the valve V while the hammer is in motion, so as to communicate with the port p and chamber n. This allows the fluid to pass from the end of the cylinder above the piston-h cad, through the port p, into the chamber u, when its pressure will open the valve 0 and pass through the port p into the cylinder below the pistonhead.

When it is desired to lower the piston-head in the cylinder to cause the hammer to strike a higher blow, the circular valve V is turned so as to connect the port 19 with thechamber n, and the liuid is forced from the cylinder below-the piston-head into the chamber a, when its pressure opens the spring-valve o to allow it to llow into the cylinder above the pistonhead. These spring-valves prevent the fluid from passing from the ports p or p directly into the chamber n, so that when the operator turns the circular valve V so as to communicate with either ot these ports when the machine is in motion the linid will be forced through that port into the chamber n, and out through the other port into the opposite end of the cylinder, and held there by the operation of the spring-valve, which prevents the return ofthe iluid.

There is a receptacle or reservoir, o', for the fluid in the cap on the cylinder, from which a duct or passage, fr', leads down below the piston-rod. There is also a duct or passage, s, leading up into the chamber n. This duct .s is provided with a check-valve, which prevents the return of the fluid.

It will be observed that in case there is a Waste of the fluid in the cylinder-the liuid from the reservoir immediately passes up into the chamber '12. to keep up the supply.

The reservoir surrounds the piston-rod, and the ducts or passages leading from the reservoir to thechamber a pass the endof the piston-rod, so as to fully lubricate it at its bear- 1n gs.V

\ The Valve V is connected to a jointed rod, M. This jointed rod has a bearing in the eyebolt N, that passes through the frame of the machine, and is so connected with the frame as to rock as the end-jointed rod, that is attached to the valve, passes up anddown with the cylinder H.

O is a handle rigidly attached to the jointed rod M in such a manner as `to enable the operator by means of said handle to turn the rod, and thereby operate the valve V, as above described. It will be observed that this jointed rod is made in two pieces,the end of one being cylindrical and passing over the end of the other to admit of thelengthening and shortening of the connecting-rod as the cylinder I-I vibrates. to one part of this jointed rod, and passes through a slot in the other part, as clearly shown in Fig. 1 ot' the drawings, which prevents them froin being turned independently of each other. It will also be observed that by this construction ot' the jointed rod M and its attachments the operator is enabled to op- There is a lug, t, rigidly attached IOO crate the valve Vwhen the machine is in motion. j

It'preferred,the inner en d ofthe h andle O may be inserted, in any convenient manner, in the head ot the cyebolt N, so as to turn vertically. and the rod M, instead ot' being jointed, may be a single rod extending from the valve V through an angular hole in the inner end of the handle, into which it is fitted, so as to permit the rod to play freely backward andforward, and when the handle is raised or lowered the rod is revolved, thus producing the same effect as the construction illustrated in the drawings.

The power is communicated to the machine by means ot' the belt-Wheel P upon the crankshaft Q.

W is a connecting-rod, communicating the power from the crank-shaft to one end ot' the rocking lever R. This lever is provided with a sliding block, S, to which the rod J is attached to communicate the power to the walkin g-beam.

By sliding the block S on the rocking lever the length of the stroke of the hammer is varied.

The crank-shaft is placed quite closely over the bearing of the vibrating or rocking lever, so that the velocity on the downward stroke is made greater than the upward stroke in making the blow of the hammer, which makes a more rapid and sharper stroke than it' it took one-halt the revolution of the crank to make the downward blow. To accomplish this the IOS crank-shaft is placed as near over the fulcrum as possible.

T is an eccentric rim attached to the beltwheel l?. T' is a brake, pivoted to the frame of the machine at U and held against the eccentric rim by the spring U. q is a brakele'ver, carrying a roller, q, which strikes against the belt when thrown up in position by the operator. The brake T is also removed from the eccentric riln T by means of a roller, r2, attached to the brake-lever. This brake is so arranged that it strikes the eccentric rim at its widest part when the'hammer is fully raised; and the object of this special application of the brake is to enable the operator to stop the machine and hold the hammer raised. As this arrangement gives the brake a longer leverage upon the center of thev wheel at this point, thus directly increasing its power, and as the wheel also, in reaching that point, has, in addition to the ordinary friction, to force back-the brake in order to pass, in actual operation the combined effect is always to stop the wheel at that point. This affords a great convenience in removing and adjusting the material that is being worked.

It will be observed that, although I have spoken of a liquid as being the material to be used in the cylinder H to raise and lower the,

piston-head, and have suggested that oil might be used,as it would serve also as a lubricator, I do not confine myself' to the use of a liquid, as air would produce substantially the same results, the purpose being to use a substance that would readily flow or pass through the ports from one end of the cylinder to the other to raise and lower the piston-head.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A jointed walking-beam composed of two sections connected by truss-rods and springs, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of thel walking-beam made in two parts, E E', pivoted substantially as shown, truss-rods F F', pivoted to E, and the springs d, secured in position with fastenings in g-beamsnbstan tially as specitied and shown.

4. The pitman H K, composed of a cylinder with its piston-rod and piston-head and ports connecting the ends of the cylinder with a common chamber, through which, by means of an 'automatic valve in each port and a common valve operating by hand, the fluid contents of the cylinder may, without arresting the operation of the machine, be transferred from one side of the piston-head to the other for the purpose of raising or lowering the piston-head and so lengthening or shortening the pitman, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the reservoir r and the duct or passage r with the chamber a,

provided with suitable valves for the admission of iiuid or air to keep up a constant supply in the'cylinder, substantially as specified and shown. 1

6. The combination of the cylinder H, ports p p', valve V, chamber a, and valves o o,sub stantially as and for the purpose specied.

7. The combination of the rod M, eyebolt N, and handle O with the reciprocating cylinder and valve V, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination of the eccentric rim T and brake T', for the purpose of enabling the operator to stop the machine when the hammer is raised, substantially as described.

9. The combination of the crank-lever Q, the pitman W, lever R, and pitman J, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

CHARLES M. BROWN.

Witnesses JNO. G. MACGREGOR, W. C. GoRLrEs. 

